1 00:00:00,534 --> 00:00:02,159 - [Instructor] Hi, welcome back to the course. 2 00:00:02,159 --> 00:00:03,871 Over the next few videos, we're going to go over 3 00:00:03,871 --> 00:00:07,017 some of the major Git commands that you should know, 4 00:00:07,017 --> 00:00:10,156 just so you can start using them in your projects from now. 5 00:00:10,156 --> 00:00:12,989 I'm here in a folder for the section 6 00:00:12,989 --> 00:00:14,229 and the first thing I'm going to do 7 00:00:14,229 --> 00:00:17,056 is I'm going to create another folder for code. 8 00:00:17,056 --> 00:00:20,436 And as you know, if you're using the Git in Bash 9 00:00:20,436 --> 00:00:22,767 in Windows or you're in Linux or Mac, 10 00:00:22,767 --> 00:00:25,409 you can do this and create a new directory 11 00:00:25,409 --> 00:00:28,339 and then you can change directory and go into 12 00:00:28,339 --> 00:00:30,610 the code directory. 13 00:00:30,610 --> 00:00:33,799 I'm going to initialise a repository, 14 00:00:33,799 --> 00:00:36,581 a Git repository, in this code folder. 15 00:00:36,581 --> 00:00:38,608 And what that means is that Git will start 16 00:00:38,608 --> 00:00:41,919 being able to tell what files I have changed 17 00:00:41,919 --> 00:00:44,037 and what files I have created. 18 00:00:44,037 --> 00:00:46,712 And in order to do that, all we have to do 19 00:00:46,712 --> 00:00:48,045 is say git init. 20 00:00:50,882 --> 00:00:55,842 And that says initialised empty Git repository in there. 21 00:00:55,842 --> 00:00:59,047 Now, when we've initialised a Git repository, 22 00:00:59,047 --> 00:01:02,537 we can unlock all of the other Git commands. 23 00:01:02,537 --> 00:01:06,287 For example, a popular command is git status. 24 00:01:08,448 --> 00:01:11,522 Git status tells us a few things. 25 00:01:11,522 --> 00:01:13,923 It tells us that we are on branch master, 26 00:01:13,923 --> 00:01:16,346 we're gonna look at what branches are later on. 27 00:01:16,346 --> 00:01:18,604 It tells us this is the first commit, 28 00:01:18,604 --> 00:01:20,453 we haven't really done anything yet. 29 00:01:20,453 --> 00:01:23,172 And it also tells us there's nothing to commit, 30 00:01:23,172 --> 00:01:25,821 that we can create or copy files in 31 00:01:25,821 --> 00:01:29,904 and then we can use git add to track those files. 32 00:01:31,500 --> 00:01:34,086 So what I'm going to do is I'm going to create a file. 33 00:01:34,086 --> 00:01:37,549 A simple way to create a file using the Git Bash in Windows 34 00:01:37,549 --> 00:01:39,497 or just a terminal in Linux or Mac, 35 00:01:39,497 --> 00:01:41,830 is to use the touch command. 36 00:01:43,310 --> 00:01:45,878 For example, you can do touch app.py 37 00:01:45,878 --> 00:01:49,045 and that creates a file called app.py. 38 00:01:50,467 --> 00:01:52,745 Now, let's run git status again. 39 00:01:52,745 --> 00:01:55,131 And now you can see that we're still 40 00:01:55,131 --> 00:01:57,046 in branch master, that hasn't changed. 41 00:01:57,046 --> 00:01:58,593 This is still the initial commit, 42 00:01:58,593 --> 00:02:01,559 but now there are some untracked files. 43 00:02:01,559 --> 00:02:05,547 And it tells us to use git add to include 44 00:02:05,547 --> 00:02:07,992 in what will be committed. 45 00:02:07,992 --> 00:02:10,428 Git add is the command that lets us 46 00:02:10,428 --> 00:02:13,789 move files from the local file system 47 00:02:13,789 --> 00:02:15,959 to the staging area. 48 00:02:15,959 --> 00:02:17,639 If you remember from the presentation, 49 00:02:17,639 --> 00:02:20,208 the staging area is what's gonna be committed, 50 00:02:20,208 --> 00:02:23,383 is adding things to be created in a snapshot. 51 00:02:23,383 --> 00:02:25,716 So let's add git add app.py. 52 00:02:27,632 --> 00:02:30,249 Now, I'm going to clear the terminal 53 00:02:30,249 --> 00:02:32,971 and run git status again. 54 00:02:32,971 --> 00:02:34,808 And now we see that we're still 55 00:02:34,808 --> 00:02:37,204 on branch master, this is still the initial commit, 56 00:02:37,204 --> 00:02:38,931 we've not committed anything yet. 57 00:02:38,931 --> 00:02:42,181 But now we see changes to be committed. 58 00:02:43,584 --> 00:02:47,438 And there's a new file that we've added called app.py. 59 00:02:47,438 --> 00:02:49,250 Notice how Git notices a new file 60 00:02:49,250 --> 00:02:52,570 and it isn't something that Git has seen in the past. 61 00:02:52,570 --> 00:02:55,155 It makes sense because we've just created this file 62 00:02:55,155 --> 00:02:57,738 and we've not committed it yet. 63 00:02:58,697 --> 00:03:01,447 We can always use git rm --cached 64 00:03:02,616 --> 00:03:05,620 to unstage a file and remove it from the staging area 65 00:03:05,620 --> 00:03:09,787 if we don't want to include it in the next commit. 66 00:03:11,158 --> 00:03:14,575 The next thing to do is say git commit -m 67 00:03:16,594 --> 00:03:18,643 and here we can write a short message 68 00:03:18,643 --> 00:03:20,875 on what this commit includes. 69 00:03:20,875 --> 00:03:25,042 For example, I can add created a simple Flask application. 70 00:03:26,038 --> 00:03:30,326 And that's a lie because the file is empty but nevertheless. 71 00:03:30,326 --> 00:03:32,578 You can write a short message so that in the future 72 00:03:32,578 --> 00:03:34,321 when you look back through your commits, 73 00:03:34,321 --> 00:03:37,359 you can see what each commit did. 74 00:03:37,359 --> 00:03:39,408 And it's important to have reasonably descriptive 75 00:03:39,408 --> 00:03:40,741 commit messages. 76 00:03:42,224 --> 00:03:43,962 And then when that happens, you can see 77 00:03:43,962 --> 00:03:48,184 that in the root-commit we added a new commit. 78 00:03:48,184 --> 00:03:49,844 And this commit since created a 79 00:03:49,844 --> 00:03:51,697 simple flask application. 80 00:03:51,697 --> 00:03:55,148 We are on branch master and we have 81 00:03:55,148 --> 00:03:59,296 generated a new commit and this is the commit's code. 82 00:03:59,296 --> 00:04:01,401 Each commit has a specific code 83 00:04:01,401 --> 00:04:03,968 and that may come in handy later on. 84 00:04:03,968 --> 00:04:06,252 And it tells you how many files are changed, 85 00:04:06,252 --> 00:04:08,437 how many lines of code you inserted 86 00:04:08,437 --> 00:04:12,053 and how many lines of code you've deleted. 87 00:04:12,053 --> 00:04:15,993 And finally, it also tells you that it's created app.py. 88 00:04:15,993 --> 00:04:17,441 Don't worry about this for now, 89 00:04:17,441 --> 00:04:19,691 that's a bit more advanced. 90 00:04:20,537 --> 00:04:23,229 Okay, so this is how you add and commit 91 00:04:23,229 --> 00:04:24,857 files in Git. 92 00:04:24,857 --> 00:04:27,650 Now we're gonna look at how we can put those files 93 00:04:27,650 --> 00:04:29,168 in GitHub. 94 00:04:29,168 --> 00:04:31,042 I'll see you in the very next video.