1 00:00:00,710 --> 00:00:07,080 In this video, we are going to ride and around our first Python program in Visual Studio Code, so previously 2 00:00:07,100 --> 00:00:09,330 I installed the Python extension. 3 00:00:09,480 --> 00:00:14,790 If you didn't install that, please go to the previous video and follow the instructions on how to install 4 00:00:15,090 --> 00:00:17,180 the Python extension for Visual Studio Code. 5 00:00:17,820 --> 00:00:20,340 Now, I want to minimize this pan here. 6 00:00:20,370 --> 00:00:25,680 To do that, I can click this Extensions button again and that will disappear. 7 00:00:25,950 --> 00:00:32,430 And what I want to show here instead is what is known as the Explorer in Visual Studio Code. 8 00:00:32,730 --> 00:00:37,230 So this pan here, which will display the project directory tree. 9 00:00:37,380 --> 00:00:41,780 So the folders and the files that we are going to have for this particular project. 10 00:00:42,030 --> 00:00:48,840 And here we can create new files, which could be Python files, where we write the codes for the program 11 00:00:49,110 --> 00:00:54,690 or other associated files for the programs such as text files, Excel files and so on. 12 00:00:54,870 --> 00:01:00,840 In the course, we will work with a lot of files so files that our Python programs will process and 13 00:01:00,840 --> 00:01:01,710 will create. 14 00:01:01,900 --> 00:01:07,650 But for now, for this particular video, we are going to write a very simple Python program, which 15 00:01:07,650 --> 00:01:12,510 is enough to get you started with creating and running programs in Visual Studio Code. 16 00:01:13,350 --> 00:01:16,110 What We're Going to create is very, very simple. 17 00:01:17,070 --> 00:01:22,990 We are going to create a program that calculates the amount of hours in a full week. 18 00:01:23,310 --> 00:01:24,500 Have you ever thought of that? 19 00:01:24,540 --> 00:01:25,800 How many hours are in a week? 20 00:01:26,050 --> 00:01:27,460 Let's find it out with Python. 21 00:01:27,900 --> 00:01:34,140 So when you have a program in mind to what you want to create in Visual Studio Code is a Visual Studio Code 22 00:01:34,140 --> 00:01:34,950 Project. 23 00:01:35,160 --> 00:01:42,990 To do that, the first thing you do is you open a folder, an empty folder, where you are going to 24 00:01:42,990 --> 00:01:46,060 save all the program files. To do that 25 00:01:46,060 --> 00:01:53,460 you can either go to this button or the standard way is to go to File and then go to Open Folder. 26 00:01:54,150 --> 00:01:55,150 If you are on Mac 27 00:01:55,740 --> 00:01:59,900 this should be named just Open instead of Open Folder. 28 00:01:59,910 --> 00:02:01,260 On Windows it would be Open Folder. 29 00:02:04,580 --> 00:02:11,100 And here, what we want to do is we want to create an empty folder. In that empty folder 30 00:02:11,120 --> 00:02:17,840 we are going to save all the Python files and maybe other associated files related to our project. 31 00:02:18,350 --> 00:02:22,280 So what do you want to do is you want to create a new empty folder. 32 00:02:23,840 --> 00:02:31,700 I'm going to name it python_basics. Note that I used an underscore, I didn't use a space. It is recommended 33 00:02:31,700 --> 00:02:36,170 not to use spaces in directory paths or file paths. 34 00:02:36,320 --> 00:02:39,170 So press, enter and select folder. 35 00:02:41,330 --> 00:02:48,410 What that will do is Visual Studio Code will open in that particular folder, you can see here Python 36 00:02:48,410 --> 00:02:51,770 basics and then we get this welcome window again. 37 00:02:51,770 --> 00:02:52,570 I can close that. 38 00:02:52,580 --> 00:02:53,730 We don't need that anymore. 39 00:02:54,260 --> 00:03:00,350 The next thing we want to do is we want to create an empty Python file where we will write our Python program. 40 00:03:00,350 --> 00:03:02,300 To create files 41 00:03:02,330 --> 00:03:04,420 you can go to this icon here. 42 00:03:05,240 --> 00:03:08,930 So that is the button for new files, to create new files. 43 00:03:09,150 --> 00:03:11,270 That is a button to create new folders. 44 00:03:11,270 --> 00:03:15,000 And that refreshes the Explorer to show new files 45 00:03:15,020 --> 00:03:17,930 that our Python program may be generating. 46 00:03:17,930 --> 00:03:19,170 For now we don't need that button. 47 00:03:19,370 --> 00:03:21,050 We need the new file button. 48 00:03:21,170 --> 00:03:22,940 So there you want to give a name. 49 00:03:23,980 --> 00:03:31,640 Such as basics.py. So Python files need to come with a dot py extension. 50 00:03:31,780 --> 00:03:38,200 You see that when I add a py extension, Visual Studio Code recognizes that file as Python. 51 00:03:38,200 --> 00:03:43,060 You see the logo of Python there and that is made possible by the Python extension that we installed 52 00:03:43,060 --> 00:03:43,630 previously. 53 00:03:43,960 --> 00:03:47,080 So press enter and that will create a new python file. 54 00:03:47,440 --> 00:03:54,910 Of course, that file can also be seen in the Python basics directory that I created. 55 00:03:57,450 --> 00:04:03,390 So you see, when you create something in Visual Studio Code, that is reflected to your Windows Explorer 56 00:04:03,390 --> 00:04:06,010 or Mac finder, so that is an empty file. 57 00:04:06,300 --> 00:04:11,460 We want to make a program that calculates the number of hours in a week. 58 00:04:12,030 --> 00:04:18,000 Now, when we say we want to make a program that calculates that and we are not specifying that this 59 00:04:18,000 --> 00:04:25,560 is a Web app or a desktop app with a graphical user interface, you know, with buttons where the user 60 00:04:25,560 --> 00:04:28,870 can press a button, can enter some data in a text box and so on, 61 00:04:29,280 --> 00:04:33,110 so we are not talking about a graphical user interface or web app. 62 00:04:33,900 --> 00:04:39,510 What we are talking about is a simple program with a command-line interface, which you are going to 63 00:04:39,510 --> 00:04:41,180 see in a bit how it looks like. 64 00:04:41,760 --> 00:04:47,400 So it's a text-based interface and to display the output in that text-base interface, 65 00:04:47,550 --> 00:04:50,670 we want to use the print function. 66 00:04:51,740 --> 00:04:58,310 So the print function is a very important function in Python, and the print function expects some input 67 00:04:58,310 --> 00:05:01,680 to print out in the terminal, in the text based interface. 68 00:05:02,000 --> 00:05:05,670 In this case, we want to calculate how many hours are in a week. 69 00:05:05,690 --> 00:05:09,470 So in a day, we know that there's 24 hours. 70 00:05:10,160 --> 00:05:13,000 In a week, it means 24 times 7. 71 00:05:14,150 --> 00:05:15,110 As simple as that. 72 00:05:15,990 --> 00:05:19,020 OK, I know this is not the best way to write this program. 73 00:05:19,190 --> 00:05:21,880 We are going to improve this program in the next video. 74 00:05:22,520 --> 00:05:25,670 But for now, let's keep it this simple, right? 75 00:05:25,700 --> 00:05:26,570 This is a program. 76 00:05:26,570 --> 00:05:28,140 We are ready to run the program now. 77 00:05:28,170 --> 00:05:29,500 How do we run it? 78 00:05:29,930 --> 00:05:36,370 Well, there are two ways to run a Python program in Visual Studio Code. The easiest way to write 79 00:05:36,620 --> 00:05:40,580 a program in Visual Studio Code is to use this green triangle here. 80 00:05:40,880 --> 00:05:42,830 This is a button. If you don't have that, 81 00:05:43,210 --> 00:05:45,080 that might be because of two reasons. 82 00:05:45,080 --> 00:05:45,740 First, 83 00:05:45,770 --> 00:05:49,910 the first reason is that you didn't installe the python extension. 84 00:05:49,930 --> 00:05:53,680 So if you didn't do that search for Python and install that extension. 85 00:05:53,690 --> 00:05:55,120 In my case, I have installed it. 86 00:05:55,130 --> 00:06:01,490 If you have installed the Python extension and the button still doesn't show, then that might be because 87 00:06:01,490 --> 00:06:09,140 in here, down here, there's no python interpreter specified for your Visual Studio Code editor. 88 00:06:09,380 --> 00:06:11,110 So in my case, this is fine. 89 00:06:11,120 --> 00:06:11,900 It's a Python 3.9.2 90 00:06:11,900 --> 00:06:13,700 is the interpreter interpreter. 91 00:06:14,060 --> 00:06:16,750 In your case, maybe it says 'select interpreter'. 92 00:06:16,940 --> 00:06:21,980 In that case, you want to click over 'select interpreter' and then select one of the interpreters 93 00:06:21,980 --> 00:06:23,840 that you see in the list here. 94 00:06:24,020 --> 00:06:25,820 So what are these interpreters? 95 00:06:25,850 --> 00:06:29,140 Well, in one of the previous videos, we installed Python. 96 00:06:29,330 --> 00:06:35,120 So basically when you installed Python, what you're doing is you're installing an interpreter, the 97 00:06:35,120 --> 00:06:36,140 Python interpreter. 98 00:06:36,410 --> 00:06:40,100 So it's a program that interprets Python language. 99 00:06:40,340 --> 00:06:42,590 So this is the language, right? 100 00:06:42,590 --> 00:06:49,280 Now we want a Python interpreter that understands that language and is able to return some output for that 101 00:06:49,280 --> 00:06:49,740 language. 102 00:06:49,970 --> 00:06:53,990 So we want to tell Visual Studio Code which interpreter to use. 103 00:06:53,990 --> 00:07:00,200 So select one interpreter and then you should see this button here. 104 00:07:01,320 --> 00:07:06,690 If that doesn't work, then there is another way to run Python programs, which I'll show in just a 105 00:07:06,690 --> 00:07:06,930 bit. 106 00:07:07,530 --> 00:07:16,530 So let's first try this easy way, press that button and this is the terminal, so the text-based interface. 107 00:07:16,800 --> 00:07:20,460 You see, it's only text here and this is the output. 108 00:07:21,360 --> 00:07:24,450 So there's 168 hours in a week. 109 00:07:24,780 --> 00:07:31,440 Now, let me explain to you how Visual Studio Code executed this program so that it's not all magic 110 00:07:31,440 --> 00:07:31,990 for you. 111 00:07:32,340 --> 00:07:36,720 This also relates to the second way of executing a Python program. 112 00:07:37,260 --> 00:07:45,690 So when you press, when I pressed this button, what happened is that Visual Studio Code executed these 113 00:07:46,320 --> 00:07:47,250 commands. 114 00:07:47,700 --> 00:07:49,020 So let me try that again. 115 00:07:50,610 --> 00:07:56,760 You see, when I pressed the button, Visual Studio Code executed these two commands and it returns the 116 00:07:56,760 --> 00:07:57,240 output. 117 00:07:57,540 --> 00:07:59,820 Now, these are not Python code. 118 00:07:59,820 --> 00:08:01,880 Don't confuse them with Python code. 119 00:08:02,100 --> 00:08:07,770 So this is a terminal and this terminal here expects Windows commands. 120 00:08:07,770 --> 00:08:15,030 Or if you are on Mac, it expects Unix commands, so Mac commands, commands that the Mac operating system 121 00:08:15,180 --> 00:08:17,880 understands and commands that Windows understands. 122 00:08:18,630 --> 00:08:20,960 So this command here contains two parts. 123 00:08:21,900 --> 00:08:24,600 The first part is this one in here. 124 00:08:25,170 --> 00:08:29,700 That is the path to the Python 3.9 interpreter. 125 00:08:29,970 --> 00:08:36,090 You can see here, 'python.exe', this is interpreted, that we installed a few videos before. 126 00:08:36,210 --> 00:08:42,960 So that button knows where this interpreter is because we have told Visual Studio Code that this is 127 00:08:42,960 --> 00:08:44,370 the interpreter I'm using. 128 00:08:44,640 --> 00:08:49,890 So visual to the code knows the path of that interpreter and gives that to Windows. 129 00:08:51,240 --> 00:08:57,420 And so this is a program, the interpreter, and this is the code, the file that contains the codes, 130 00:08:58,050 --> 00:09:05,950 so 'C:\Users: arditsulce\python_basics/basics.py. So this file here. 131 00:09:06,300 --> 00:09:14,340 That means if you don't have that green button, you can also execute programs by typing that manually, 132 00:09:14,340 --> 00:09:17,100 that commands and you'll get the output. 133 00:09:17,340 --> 00:09:21,570 But there is an easier way and that is to write py. 134 00:09:21,570 --> 00:09:31,320 If you are on Windows you do this py-3.9 and then basics.py, execute that 135 00:09:31,320 --> 00:09:32,630 and you'll get the output again. 136 00:09:33,420 --> 00:09:36,090 So it's just another way to execute this program. 137 00:09:36,210 --> 00:09:42,600 If you are on Mac or Linux, you do python3.9 138 00:09:42,780 --> 00:09:43,770 basics.py. 139 00:09:45,440 --> 00:09:51,320 So that is for Mac and Linux. If you have another Python version, you'd have to replace the 3.9 140 00:09:51,320 --> 00:09:54,680 for example with 3.10 and so on. 141 00:09:54,860 --> 00:09:56,910 The same you'd do for Windows. 142 00:09:56,910 --> 00:10:02,630 So instead of 3.9, you do 3.10, 3.11 or whatever Python version 143 00:10:02,630 --> 00:10:05,400 you installed and you are using. 144 00:10:05,690 --> 00:10:07,740 So that's about running a Python program. 145 00:10:08,000 --> 00:10:10,640 You either use that button or use these commands. 146 00:10:11,030 --> 00:10:16,910 Now what about if you want to close this project and open a new one and then you want to find this project? 147 00:10:17,170 --> 00:10:18,280 Let me show you how to do that. 148 00:10:18,770 --> 00:10:25,070 So let's suppose that you closed Visual Studio Code and then tomorrow you open up Visual Studio Code 149 00:10:25,070 --> 00:10:28,730 again and it shows the same project. 150 00:10:29,390 --> 00:10:33,590 If you want to create a new project, you go to File, Open Folder, 151 00:10:35,790 --> 00:10:37,820 creates a new empty folder. 152 00:10:42,160 --> 00:10:51,010 Let's name this python_basics2, select folder, and that will open a completely new project, and then 153 00:10:51,010 --> 00:10:53,380 here you are supposed to write a new program. 154 00:10:53,560 --> 00:10:57,760 If you close that, you open up Visual Studio Code again. 155 00:10:59,080 --> 00:11:06,580 It shows the previous project, so python_basics2. If you want to open the previous project, you want 156 00:11:06,580 --> 00:11:07,630 to go to Open Recents. 157 00:11:07,840 --> 00:11:10,330 And then here you'll find python_basics. 158 00:11:10,720 --> 00:11:15,880 This one here, click that and it should open the previous project that we were working on. 159 00:11:16,120 --> 00:11:19,330 And that is how to write and run Python programs. 160 00:11:19,930 --> 00:11:20,700 Thanks for following! 161 00:11:20,710 --> 00:11:22,390 I'll talk to you in the next videos. See you.