WEBVTT

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so in this section we looked at blocks in

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python and seen how the level of
so in this section we looked at blocks in

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indentation is crucial in determining
python and seen how the level of

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which block a line of code belongs to
indentation is crucial in determining

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we then use if and else to test
which block a line of code belongs to

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conditions and only execute blocks of
we then use if and else to test

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code if those conditions were either
conditions and only execute blocks of

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true or false
code if those conditions were either

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we then went to create more complex
true or false

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conditions and saw how to use Elif to
we then went to create more complex

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check several conditions in turn so next
conditions and saw how to use Elif to

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we moved on to execute blocks of code
check several conditions in turn so next

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repeatedly using for statements to
we moved on to execute blocks of code

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iterate through a range of values we
repeatedly using for statements to

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covered continue and break to interrupt the
iterate through a range of values we

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normal flow of a for loop and else to
covered continue and break to interrupt the

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define a block that always execute if
normal flow of a for loop and else to

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the loop finishes without a break
define a block that always execute if

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this is a different use of the else
the loop finishes without a break

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keyword to how it's used in an if
this is a different use of the else

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statement which is a little unfortunate
keyword to how it's used in an if

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and can also be confusing but that's the
statement which is a little unfortunate

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keyword that has been chosen so we have
and can also be confusing but that's the

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to actually live with that unfortunately
keyword that has been chosen so we have

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and then finally we digress to look at
to actually live with that unfortunately

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augmented assignment and why you should
and then finally we digress to look at

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use it in preference to a normal
augmented assignment and why you should

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assignment where possible or whenever
use it in preference to a normal

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possible
assignment where possible or whenever

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I'm going to finish this section now
possible

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with the short challenge to give you a
I'm going to finish this section now

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chance to practice what you've learned
with the short challenge to give you a

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in the course so far and you have a
chance to practice what you've learned

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chance to make use of the string
in the course so far and you have a

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formatting that we covered in previous
chance to make use of the string

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videos as well as reading an input that
formatting that we covered in previous

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a user types at the keyboard so i'm
videos as well as reading an input that

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going to do now is create a new python file
a user types at the keyboard so i'm

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i'm just going to paste in the
going to do now is create a new python file

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actual challenge then you can get
i'm just going to paste in the

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started I'm going to right-click over
actual challenge then you can get

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here and i've created a new project and
started I'm going to right-click over

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select python file and we'll call this
here and i've created a new project and

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one
select python file and we'll call this

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challenge and we're going to paste in
one

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the challenge
challenge and we're going to paste in

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ok so the challenge is to create a
the challenge

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program that takes an IP address
ok so the challenge is to create a

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entered at the keyboard and prints out the
program that takes an IP address

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number of segments that contains and the
entered at the keyboard and prints out the

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length of each segment
number of segments that contains and the

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now an IP address consists of four numbers
length of each segment

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separated from each other with a full
now an IP address consists of four numbers

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stop
separated from each other with a full

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but your program should just count
stop

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however many have been entered in
but your program should just count

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examples of the input you may get are
however many have been entered in

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you can see their 127 . 0 . 0 . 1
examples of the input you may get are

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another one with a dot 192 . 168 .
you can see their 127 . 0 . 0 . 1

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0 . 1 another 1 10 . 0 . 123456 . 255
another one with a dot 192 . 168 .

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then 172 . 16 and finally 255 another
0 . 1 another 1 10 . 0 . 123456 . 255

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words you program should work even with
then 172 . 16 and finally 255 another

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invalid IP addresses what we hear
words you program should work even with

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interested in here is the number of
invalid IP addresses what we hear

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segments and how long each one is now
interested in here is the number of

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once you've got a working program here are
segments and how long each one is now

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some more suggestions for invalid input
once you've got a working program here are

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to test and i'm not going to read
some more suggestions for invalid input

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those out but you can see them down there or
to test and i'm not going to read

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you can see them on the screen there
those out but you can see them down there or

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from line 17 to 21 not forgetting line
you can see them on the screen there

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22 which is basically pressing enter
from line 17 to 21 not forgetting line

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without typing anything making sure your
22 which is basically pressing enter

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handling that scenario as well so this
without typing anything making sure your

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challenge is intended to practice for
handling that scenario as well so this

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loops and if-else statements so although
challenge is intended to practice for

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you could use other techniques such as
loops and if-else statements so although

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splitting the string up
you could use other techniques such as

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that's not the approach we're looking
splitting the string up

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for here alright so that's the challenge
that's not the approach we're looking

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see how you go with that
for here alright so that's the challenge

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pause the video I'll see you when you
see how you go with that

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get back ok so let's get started and
pause the video I'll see you when you

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just a note here that is probably as
get back ok so let's get started and

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many different solutions to this as
just a note here that is probably as

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there are people trying to solve it so the
many different solutions to this as

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test is not that your solutions should
there are people trying to solve it so the

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look like on what I'm about to present
test is not that your solutions should

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but rather that it produces the correct
look like on what I'm about to present

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output
but rather that it produces the correct

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even if provided with invalid input
output

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alright so let's get started I'm going
even if provided with invalid input

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to start with IP address.....
alright so let's get started I'm going

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....
to start with IP address.....

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....
....

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...
....

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so we start by getting the IP address from the
...

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user and then we are initializing two
so we start by getting the IP address from the

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variables now each time we find a full
user and then we are initializing two

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stop or period in the input string
variables now each time we find a full

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we're going to increment a counter of
stop or period in the input string

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how many segments there are now unless
we're going to increment a counter of

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the input is blank
how many segments there are now unless

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they'll always be at least one segment
the input is blank

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we're going to initialize the variable
they'll always be at least one segment

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segment to a one
we're going to initialize the variable

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you can see me doing that on line 30 now
segment to a one

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we're also going to count how many
you can see me doing that on line 30 now

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characters are in each segment so the
we're also going to count how many

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variable-length will be used for that
characters are in each segment so the

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now do be careful with the name of this
variable-length will be used for that

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variable it may be tempting to use a
now do be careful with the name of this

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shorthand name for example Len LEN
variable it may be tempting to use a

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but if you do that your len variable
shorthand name for example Len LEN

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would actually replace the built-in Len
but if you do that your len variable

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function and you'll get some weird
would actually replace the built-in Len

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problems now we do
function and you'll get some weird

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fortunately get a warning from
problems now we do

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intelliJ if we try to do that so i
fortunately get a warning from

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rename this over here to len
intelliJ if we try to do that so i

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temporarily you can see we've got an
rename this over here to len

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underline showing their i can highlight
temporarily you can see we've got an

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that this is shadows built-in name len
underline showing their i can highlight

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and I can come over here click on more
that this is shadows built-in name len

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shadows built-in named len and over here
and I can come over here click on more

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we get the
shadows built-in named len and over here

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same warning over here that
we get the

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shadowing the built in name
same warning over here that

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so what that basically means is we're
shadowing the built in name

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providing another function for the word
so what that basically means is we're

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len here overriding the original one
providing another function for the word

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and that's certainly not what we want to
len here overriding the original one

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happen here so make sure you do watch
and that's certainly not what we want to

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out for warnings like that because you
happen here so make sure you do watch

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can lose the ability to use built in
out for warnings like that because you

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functions if you reuse the same name in
can lose the ability to use built in

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your code we certainly don't want to do
functions if you reuse the same name in

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that and in fact looking at that
your code we certainly don't want to do

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probably a better name would be
that and in fact looking at that

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something like segment.....
probably a better name would be

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we can use len their if you wanted to i'm going
something like segment.....

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to use...that makes a
we can use len their if you wanted to i'm going

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lot more sense so we're going to use that
to use...that makes a

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name instead alright so the next step
lot more sense so we're going to use that

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now is to loop through all the
name instead alright so the next step

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characters in the input string IP
now is to loop through all the

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address and check to see if you've got a
characters in the input string IP

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full stop or some other character
address and check to see if you've got a

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let's add the code for that it's going
full stop or some other character

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make a bit of a space here
let's add the code for that it's going

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ok so we're going to start with four
make a bit of a space here

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character in IP address
ok so we're going to start with four

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....
character in IP address

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....
....

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.....if we get to a full stop which as a
....

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student pointed out is called a period
.....if we get to a full stop which as a

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almost everywhere else outside australia
student pointed out is called a period

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in the UK and that signals the end of
almost everywhere else outside australia

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the segment and the start of a new one
in the UK and that signals the end of

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so again I often referred to a period
the segment and the start of a new one

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as a full stop
so again I often referred to a period

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they're both the same thing but in any
as a full stop

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event if we get to this full stop /
they're both the same thing but in any

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period then that signals the end of the
event if we get to this full stop /

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segment as I mention and then we start a new
period then that signals the end of the

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one at that point now on line 35
segment as I mention and then we start a new

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we're printing out the details of the
one at that point now on line 35

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previous segment and then we increment
we're printing out the details of the

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our segment counter now because we're
previous segment and then we increment

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about to start reading the characters in
our segment counter now because we're

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a new segment at that point we're also
about to start reading the characters in

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taking the opportunity to set the segment_
a new segment at that point we're also

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length variable to 0 now if the
taking the opportunity to set the segment_

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character isn't a period or a full stop if
length variable to 0 now if the

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you speak English proper like what I do
character isn't a period or a full stop if

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then we just increment the count of
you speak English proper like what I do

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the length so how do we do that we're
then we just increment the count of

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going to add an else their so.....
the length so how do we do that we're

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....
going to add an else their so.....

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looking that code it looks like it might
....

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just work but it doesn't quiet but when
looking that code it looks like it might

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you're learning it's a good idea to run
just work but it doesn't quiet but when

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your code as you build it up that way
you're learning it's a good idea to run

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you get to see the problems with your
your code as you build it up that way

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logic before you've written to much and
you get to see the problems with your

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can make adjustments so I actually run
logic before you've written to much and

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this program now gonna start by right
can make adjustments so I actually run

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clicking it click on run challenge i'm
this program now gonna start by right

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going to move this down to the bottom so
clicking it click on run challenge i'm

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you can see it a bit easier it's asking
going to move this down to the bottom so

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for an IP address if I actually type this
you can see it a bit easier it's asking

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....and
for an IP address if I actually type this

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press enter
....and

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you can see we've got segment one
press enter

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contains one character segments 2
you can see we've got segment one

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contain
contains one character segments 2

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one segment 3 contains one but it's
contain

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missed the last one so i'm looking at
one segment 3 contains one but it's

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the code we see that only prints out the
missed the last one so i'm looking at

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details for a segment when it finds the
the code we see that only prints out the

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full stop
details for a segment when it finds the

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sorry period that terminates it so the
full stop

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final segment isn't terminated by period
sorry period that terminates it so the

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so as a consequence it doesn't get
final segment isn't terminated by period

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printed
so as a consequence it doesn't get

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now there's a clever and slightly
printed

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sneaky way to handle that but i'll start
now there's a clever and slightly

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by doing it the obvious way what we need
sneaky way to handle that but i'll start

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to do is add an extra bit of code
by doing it the obvious way what we need

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after loop to check to see if the last
to do is add an extra bit of code

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name was a period and print out the
after loop to check to see if the last

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final segment details if it wasn't going
name was a period and print out the

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to come down here to do that on line 41
final segment details if it wasn't going

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jut a note here....
to come down here to do that on line 41

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....
jut a note here....

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....
....

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and then the actual code will be if....
....

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.....
and then the actual code will be if....

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....
.....

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....
....

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....now if we run this again
....

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....we can
....now if we run this again

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see that it's now handling that fourth
....we can

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fourth number correctly
see that it's now handling that fourth

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alright so now it's a good opportunity to
fourth number correctly

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start testing the various inputs
alright so now it's a good opportunity to

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that I listed in the challenge so I got them
start testing the various inputs

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all listed up here let's just go through
that I listed in the challenge so I got them

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those one by one we tested the first one
all listed up here let's just go through

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we'll start with the first one...
those one by one we tested the first one

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....you can see we got the right
we'll start with the first one...

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inputs for their 3111 which is correct
....you can see we got the right

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run it again this time we'll try typing...
inputs for their 3111 which is correct

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we actually got
run it again this time we'll try typing...

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five segments the first one 0 33 11
we actually got

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okay next so far so good....
five segments the first one 0 33 11

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....and that should be 216 and
okay next so far so good....

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three in terms of the number of
....and that should be 216 and

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characters in each segment that's
three in terms of the number of

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correct
characters in each segment that's

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ok let's try another one let's try....
correct

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....
ok let's try another one let's try....

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three and two that's correct
....

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we will try one with just a number 255
three and two that's correct

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segment one contains three characters so
we will try one with just a number 255

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far so good
segment one contains three characters so

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ok next one was....
far so good

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....0
ok next one was....

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32 32 in terms of number of characters
....0

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for each segment which is correct
32 32 in terms of number of characters

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alright so.....
for each segment which is correct

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....we got 3411 there and we'll try
alright so.....

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big one......
....we got 3411 there and we'll try

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....33 and 9 and got two more to do
big one......

255
00:11:05.370 --> 00:11:09.720
here to test....
....33 and 9 and got two more to do

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...232 and the very last one now
here to test....

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....
...232 and the very last one now

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....212 122
....

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so everything seems to be working
....212 122

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fine theirs only one last test to do now
so everything seems to be working

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which is to enter nothing i'm going to
fine theirs only one last test to do now

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start again and press ENTER
which is to enter nothing i'm going to

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and we get an error that isn't good this
start again and press ENTER

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error happens because there's no
and we get an error that isn't good this

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characters and IP address and that means
error happens because there's no

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that the for loop that we starting
characters and IP address and that means

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on line 33 doesn't have any values to
that the for loop that we starting

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iterate over and consequently the
on line 33 doesn't have any values to

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variable character is never assigned a
iterate over and consequently the

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value and in fact IntelliJ is aware
variable character is never assigned a

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that this might happen and it's actually
value and in fact IntelliJ is aware

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getting this warning down here if you
that this might happen and it's actually

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hover over that name character may not
getting this warning down here if you

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be defined now any Java or C++ programmer
hover over that name character may not

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is watching this would have been
be defined now any Java or C++ programmer

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horrified that I type that final if
is watching this would have been

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statement in the first place in those
horrified that I type that final if

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languages character would never be
statement in the first place in those

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accessible outside of the for loop but
languages character would never be

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in Python that's perfectly acceptable to
accessible outside of the for loop but

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do but only if the for loop is guaranteed to
in Python that's perfectly acceptable to

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execute at least once
do but only if the for loop is guaranteed to

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as long as the loop is entered the
execute at least once

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variable character will have a value and
as long as the loop is entered the

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00:12:23.190 --> 00:12:24.960
that value will be available outside of
variable character will have a value and

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00:12:24.960 --> 00:12:25.209
the loop
that value will be available outside of

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but the problem here is that the loop
the loop

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00:12:27.910 --> 00:12:29.350
didn't execute at all
but the problem here is that the loop

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00:12:29.350 --> 00:12:30.730
that's because there were no characters
didn't execute at all

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00:12:30.730 --> 00:12:33.610
in IP address to loop over there is a
that's because there were no characters

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relatively easy fix here that's just to
in IP address to loop over there is a

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initialize character to be an empty
relatively easy fix here that's just to

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string at the same time as we initialize
initialize character to be an empty

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the other variables
string at the same time as we initialize

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let's go up and do that so.....
the other variables

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...and incidentally
let's go up and do that so.....

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00:12:49.480 --> 00:12:51.040
I use double quotes there
...and incidentally

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00:12:51.040 --> 00:12:53.259
because 2 single quotes can appear as
I use double quotes there

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00:12:53.259 --> 00:12:55.540
one double quote on the video but you
because 2 single quotes can appear as

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00:12:55.540 --> 00:12:58.179
could actually use 2 single quotes like
one double quote on the video but you

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00:12:58.179 --> 00:13:00.850
that again video may not shown to clearly
could actually use 2 single quotes like

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00:13:00.850 --> 00:13:02.800
i'm using two double quotes both
that again video may not shown to clearly

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00:13:02.800 --> 00:13:03.970
are the same result
i'm using two double quotes both

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00:13:03.970 --> 00:13:05.889
the important thing now is that the
are the same result

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00:13:05.889 --> 00:13:08.829
variable character has a value whether
the important thing now is that the

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00:13:08.829 --> 00:13:11.619
the for loop runs or not so this time
variable character has a value whether

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00:13:11.619 --> 00:13:15.160
when i run the program and press ENTER
the for loop runs or not so this time

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00:13:15.160 --> 00:13:18.579
segment one contains zero characters we
when i run the program and press ENTER

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00:13:18.579 --> 00:13:21.249
get the correct result I won't spend any
segment one contains zero characters we

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00:13:21.249 --> 00:13:22.629
more time in this video running through all
get the correct result I won't spend any

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00:13:22.629 --> 00:13:24.730
the other tests again try them out
more time in this video running through all

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00:13:24.730 --> 00:13:26.649
and they will all actually work fine
the other tests again try them out

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00:13:26.649 --> 00:13:28.809
so that's the solution if your solution
and they will all actually work fine

314
00:13:28.809 --> 00:13:30.699
works with the same amount of input
so that's the solution if your solution

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00:13:30.699 --> 00:13:33.040
getting the same results congratulations
works with the same amount of input

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00:13:33.040 --> 00:13:34.629
but remember again that there are many
getting the same results congratulations

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00:13:34.629 --> 00:13:36.939
ways to solve a problem so your code may
but remember again that there are many

318
00:13:36.939 --> 00:13:39.100
be very different to mine the important
ways to solve a problem so your code may

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00:13:39.100 --> 00:13:40.569
thing here is that isn't that you've got
be very different to mine the important

320
00:13:40.569 --> 00:13:42.759
the same code but that it produces the
thing here is that isn't that you've got

321
00:13:42.759 --> 00:13:43.779
same results
the same code but that it produces the

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00:13:43.779 --> 00:13:46.209
alright I'm going to finish the video
same results

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00:13:46.209 --> 00:13:48.220
here now in the next video I want to
alright I'm going to finish the video

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00:13:48.220 --> 00:13:49.990
talk about that sneaky method that i
here now in the next video I want to

325
00:13:49.990 --> 00:13:52.629
mentioned earlier this video involves
talk about that sneaky method that i

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00:13:52.629 --> 00:13:54.069
thinking about things slightly
mentioned earlier this video involves

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00:13:54.069 --> 00:13:56.589
differently and a clue is in the that
thinking about things slightly

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00:13:56.589 --> 00:13:58.389
comment that i added before the final
differently and a clue is in the that

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00:13:58.389 --> 00:14:00.910
if statement this part down here unless the
comment that i added before the final

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00:14:00.910 --> 00:14:03.009
final character in string was a
if statement this part down here unless the

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00:14:03.009 --> 00:14:05.199
period so let's look at that in the next
final character in string was a

332
00:14:05.199 --> 00:14:10.619
video
period so let's look at that in the next