1 00:00:05,200 --> 00:00:08,240 We're going to leave maths for this next lesson. 2 00:01:02,719 --> 00:01:05,840 And in case anyone suspects I'm recording this on April Fool's day, 3 00:01:05,840 --> 00:01:10,000 this is all true. This really is how things were. 4 00:01:10,000 --> 00:01:13,880 Alright, so I'm going to start with a wikipedia entry on Teleprinter. 5 00:01:13,880 --> 00:01:16,720 Let's have a quick look at that. 6 00:01:18,960 --> 00:01:22,640 Now the entry here, starts with the different names that are used for the 7 00:01:22,640 --> 00:01:26,159 same device. I tend to call them teletype, 8 00:01:26,159 --> 00:01:29,360 and sometimes just terminal - although these days, terminal generally 9 00:01:29,360 --> 00:01:32,960 refers to a session on a computer monitor. Over to the right 10 00:01:32,960 --> 00:01:37,840 there's a picture of a teletype terminal. This was from the 1940s, 11 00:01:37,840 --> 00:01:42,320 but they're very similar to the devices that JP and I started programming on. 12 00:01:42,320 --> 00:01:45,600 Yes, we're not kidding. Now these are posh ones - 13 00:01:45,600 --> 00:01:49,360 not the poshest. Later terminals that we used actually had a screen, 14 00:01:49,360 --> 00:01:52,720 but at least these ones are directly connected to the computer, 15 00:01:52,720 --> 00:01:57,680 and the programs you typed in were stored in the computer. 16 00:01:57,680 --> 00:02:03,600 Now we also used punch cards, so bring up a Wikipedia entry for that. 17 00:02:04,799 --> 00:02:08,000 So with a punch card, the terminal punched holes in a piece 18 00:02:08,000 --> 00:02:12,319 of card. I'll click on this picture just to enlarge it again, 19 00:02:12,319 --> 00:02:17,680 and those black rectangles are holes punched through the card by the TTY 20 00:02:17,680 --> 00:02:20,800 terminal. So after punching all our cards - one card 21 00:02:20,800 --> 00:02:24,160 for each line of code - we put the cards into a card reader. 22 00:02:24,160 --> 00:02:27,760 The card reader was connected to the computer, and transferred the information 23 00:02:27,760 --> 00:02:32,239 from the cards to the computer. The computer then executed the program, 24 00:02:32,239 --> 00:02:35,519 and when it finished, the operators collected the output and 25 00:02:35,519 --> 00:02:39,599 put it in pigeon holes for us to pick up. It could be more than an hour, from 26 00:02:39,600 --> 00:02:44,080 executing your code to seeing the output. We've certainly come a long way since then. 27 00:02:44,080 --> 00:02:47,360 So the terminals and cards had 80 columns, by the way. 28 00:02:47,360 --> 00:02:51,440 That's why, even now, your windows command prompt and linux terminal sessions, 29 00:02:51,440 --> 00:02:55,680 default to being 80 characters wide. Okay, so I'll switch back to the 30 00:02:55,680 --> 00:02:59,280 Teleprinter Wikipedia page. We'll scroll down 31 00:02:59,280 --> 00:03:05,840 a little bit further. I want to show you a keyboard here - 32 00:03:06,319 --> 00:03:09,440 this one over here. So I'm going to click that to enlarge it. 33 00:03:09,440 --> 00:03:12,640 Now you may be able to make out the carriage return 34 00:03:12,640 --> 00:03:15,840 and line feed keys, over to the right hand side. 35 00:03:15,840 --> 00:03:19,599 Line feed is the second key from the right, on the bottom row. Carriage Return, 36 00:03:19,600 --> 00:03:26,380 marked Car Ret on the key itself, is the rightmost key on the row above. 37 00:04:57,860 --> 00:05:01,000 Before then, skim through the Wikipedia entry 38 00:05:01,000 --> 00:05:02,720 about ANSI escape codes, and I'll 39 00:05:02,720 --> 00:05:05,840 quickly bring that up on screen. 40 00:05:06,160 --> 00:05:09,680 It's worth reading the entries for Unix-like systems and DOS and Windows, 41 00:05:09,680 --> 00:05:14,479 in the Platform support section. I'll click the link to get down there. 42 00:05:14,479 --> 00:05:18,400 Even if you're using a Mac or Linux, read the DOS and Windows entry. 43 00:05:18,400 --> 00:05:22,400 You may be developing on a Mac, but your users may well be using Windows. 44 00:05:22,400 --> 00:05:25,919 It's very useful to be aware of the differences between the platforms. 45 00:05:25,919 --> 00:05:29,520 So have a read of the article - at least as far as that DOS and Windows entry, 46 00:05:29,520 --> 00:05:36,000 to the bottom of that, and we'll put this into practice in the next video.