1 00:00:05,440 --> 00:00:08,640 Alright, you now know what files and directories are, and can navigate 2 00:00:08,640 --> 00:00:12,868 around your directory structure using your operating system's file manager program. 3 00:00:13,040 --> 00:00:18,448 In this video, we'll learn how to do that from a Windows command prompt, or a Linux terminal. 4 00:00:19,520 --> 00:00:24,833 The Mac OS and Linux operating systems are both based on an earlier operating system called Unix. 5 00:00:24,833 --> 00:00:29,583 Because they're both based on Unix, they both behave very similar to each other. 6 00:00:29,680 --> 00:00:34,240 Most of the commands that you can use in a Mac terminal will also work in a Linux terminal. 7 00:00:34,240 --> 00:00:37,280 And vice-versa. From now on, I'm just going to 8 00:00:37,280 --> 00:00:42,320 refer to a terminal, or terminal session. I won't qualify it with Mac or Linux, 9 00:00:42,320 --> 00:00:50,080 because they both take the same commands. Ok, let's start a command prompt, or terminal. 10 00:00:50,080 --> 00:00:57,840 On Windows, type cmd into the search bar, and click Command Prompt. 11 00:01:00,080 --> 00:01:04,160 On a Mac, use the launchpad, and start typing terminal. 12 00:01:04,160 --> 00:01:08,320 You'll probably only need to type the first 3 characters, depending on what other programs 13 00:01:08,320 --> 00:01:12,480 you've installed on your Mac. Click Terminal when it appears. 14 00:01:12,480 --> 00:01:17,360 On Linux, Ctrl-Alt-T should start a terminal. If you're using a distro that doesn't have 15 00:01:17,360 --> 00:01:22,060 that shortcut, launch Terminal just like you'd start any other program. 16 00:01:23,120 --> 00:01:26,800 You should now have a command prompt, or terminal, open. 17 00:01:26,800 --> 00:01:31,760 By default, you should be in your home directory. In my case, on Windows, 18 00:01:31,760 --> 00:01:36,800 that's C:\Users\timbuchalka Obviously, your home folder 19 00:01:36,800 --> 00:01:41,299 will be called something different. I've also stored my files on Drive Y. 20 00:01:41,299 --> 00:01:46,778 So the first thing I'm going to do, is switch to drive Y. You'll probably want to stay on Drive C, 21 00:01:46,778 --> 00:01:49,840 unless you've also put your projects on a different drive. 22 00:01:49,840 --> 00:01:54,480 To change to a different drive, type the drive letter, followed by a colon. 23 00:01:54,480 --> 00:01:57,770 I'll type Y: to change to my Y drive. 24 00:01:58,640 --> 00:02:03,233 As I said, you probably won't need to do that. And if you're running a terminal, 25 00:02:03,233 --> 00:02:08,240 you definitely won't want to do that – Unix based operating systems don't use drive letters. 26 00:02:08,240 --> 00:02:11,895 A command you might find useful, in a command prompt, is: 27 00:02:15,760 --> 00:02:19,040 That clears the screen, so things don't get too cluttered. 28 00:02:19,120 --> 00:02:26,320 In a terminal, the equivalent command is clear. Ok, let's have a go at finding our project files. 29 00:02:26,320 --> 00:02:30,505 The Windows command to get a list of the files in the current directory is dir. 30 00:02:30,560 --> 00:02:37,069 That's short for directory. So if you're on Windows, as I am, type 31 00:02:37,069 --> 00:02:42,000 and press ENTER. In a terminal, the command is ls 32 00:02:43,360 --> 00:02:46,940 and press ENTER. Don't try to do that in a command prompt – 33 00:02:46,940 --> 00:02:52,711 it won't work. I've changed things on my computer, so that I can demonstrate these terminal commands, 34 00:02:52,711 --> 00:02:57,280 but they won't work on your Windows computer. So to be clear, you use dir if you're running 35 00:02:57,280 --> 00:03:01,360 a Windows command prompt, and ls in a Mac or Linux terminal. 36 00:03:01,360 --> 00:03:04,968 Ok, you should now have a directory listing of your home folder. 37 00:03:04,968 --> 00:03:10,240 The default terminal directory listing is quite basic. It displays the names in columns, 38 00:03:10,240 --> 00:03:15,360 and doesn't indicate if they're a file or a directory. For that reason, I normally use a slightly 39 00:03:15,360 --> 00:03:19,011 different command when I'm working in a terminal. Enter 40 00:03:21,840 --> 00:03:27,205 There's a space after ls, then a dash (or minus) before the al switch. 41 00:03:27,520 --> 00:03:31,600 Press ENTER, and you'll get a listing that looks more like the Windows version. 42 00:03:31,600 --> 00:03:36,851 Your listing won't look exactly the same as mine – I'm still running Windows, after all. 43 00:03:36,851 --> 00:03:40,800 But you should be able to tell which names are files, and which are directories, 44 00:03:40,800 --> 00:03:45,928 by looking for the letter d in the far left column. If the first character on the line is a dash, 45 00:03:45,928 --> 00:03:51,542 the name represents a file. If that first character is the letter d, then it's a directory. 46 00:03:51,542 --> 00:03:55,713 Once again, don't use that command on Windows, it won't work. 47 00:03:55,840 --> 00:03:59,738 Ok, your projects should be in a directory called IdeaProjects. 48 00:03:59,840 --> 00:04:04,291 That's where IntelliJ creates them, unless you tell it to put them somewhere else. 49 00:04:04,400 --> 00:04:08,185 And if you've told it to put them somewhere else, then you'll know where that is. 50 00:04:08,320 --> 00:04:11,188 So change into the directory where you put your projects. 51 00:04:11,440 --> 00:04:15,167 The command to do that is cd, short for Change Directory. 52 00:04:15,280 --> 00:04:18,079 You then tell it which directory to change into. 53 00:04:18,079 --> 00:04:22,320 The terminal command is the same, cd. I put my projects in that 54 00:04:22,320 --> 00:04:27,000 current-python-masterclass-remaster folder, so that's the folder I'll change into: 55 00:04:33,520 --> 00:04:41,244 Ok, get a directory listing of this folder. That's dir on Windows, and ls -al in a terminal 56 00:04:44,000 --> 00:04:48,193 You should see the project directories for all the projects we've created so far. 57 00:04:48,320 --> 00:04:51,276 Change into the Functions_Intro directory: 58 00:04:56,160 --> 00:05:00,640 You'll have to use whatever name you called the project, if you called it something different. 59 00:05:00,640 --> 00:05:04,160 Alright, why have I done this? It's given you a bit more practice 60 00:05:04,160 --> 00:05:09,360 in listing directory contents and changing the current directory, but I must have another reason! 61 00:05:09,360 --> 00:05:13,676 I do, I want to use the files in this directory to talk about file paths. 62 00:05:13,840 --> 00:05:17,313 Let's list the files in this Functions_Intro directory: 63 00:05:19,600 --> 00:05:21,646 or, in a terminal: 64 00:05:24,960 --> 00:05:30,240 My current directory is Functions_Intro. That means I only need to specify the filename, 65 00:05:30,240 --> 00:05:35,120 to be able to use any of these files. For example, I can execute the Python code in 66 00:05:35,120 --> 00:05:39,120 the banner.py file, by passing the name to Python: 67 00:05:43,138 --> 00:05:46,400 Our Python code executes, so that works. 68 00:05:46,400 --> 00:05:50,080 If you don't provide a path to a file, the operating system looks for it in the 69 00:05:50,080 --> 00:05:55,941 current directory. My current directory is Functions_Intro, so the file is found. 70 00:05:56,000 --> 00:05:59,360 But what if you want to access a file that's in a different directory? 71 00:05:59,360 --> 00:06:05,840 We'll see how to do that, and learn how to work out a file's path, in the next video.